The pain may feel acute and limited to one spot on the testicle at first, but may expand over the entire testicle. See a doctor right away if you feel a sudden burst of pain in both testicles. This likely isn’t due to epididymitis and may indicate a medical emergency. The first symptoms of epididymitis usually show within 24 hours of contracting the infection. [3] X Research source
The swelling is typically accompanied by pain or discomfort that might feel acute and sharp or diffuse and dull. The swelling and redness may start on one side (near the infected epididymis) and spread over the entire scrotum.
In some cases, you may also see blood in your urine or semen. Painful urination is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI). It’s possible that a UTI spread to the epididymis, causing epididymitis. If you have a UTI and not epididymitis, there won’t be any testicular or scrotal pain and swelling.
A fever is any temperature above 99°F to 99. 5°F (37. 2°C to 37. 5°C). [9] X Research source
Let your doctor know how long you’ve been experiencing symptoms. This will inform the type of treatment and care you receive for your infection.
Chlamydia is responsible for around 60% of STI-caused epididymitis cases. Wear a condom during intercourse and talk to your partner(s) about having safer sex to minimize your risk of an STI. Epididymitis itself is not contagious, but the infections that cause it are.
Treat suspected UTIs or other infections as quickly as possible to prevent spreading into the testicles and scrotum. Reduce infection rates by practicing good hygiene and keeping the genital area clean. [14] X Research source
Having sex with too full of a bladder. Heavy lifting or straining. Strenuous breathing techniques like the Valsalva maneuver. [16] X Research source Injury or trauma to the testicles or epididymis.
Other medical causes include urinary tract abnormalities, an enlarged prostate, and a history of frequent UTIs. [18] X Research source
Viral infections such as the mumps (typically found in children). Tuberculosis, especially among men with a recent exposure or history of TB. [22] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source A heart medication called amiodarone. [23] X Research source
Go to the doctor for testicular pain or swelling, pain during urination, or discharge regardless of whether you think it’s epididymitis or something else.
If necessary, the doctor may also feel your lower back if they suspect a kidney infection or perform a rectal exam to check your prostate.
A urine test. A blood test (a finger prick or blood draw). A cheek, throat, urethra, or anal swab.
Urine tests are the least invasive test you’ll undergo during an epididymitis diagnosis. All you have to do is pee in a laboratory cup.
If you get nervous about needles, stay hydrated and eat a meal before your appointment. Focus on your breathing during the needle poke. [31] X Research source
Ultrasounds are painless tests that look at body tissues with sound waves. The technician will look for structural problems around the epididymis. [33] X Research source In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be ordered to rule out other causes of swelling and pain like cancer, gangrene, or hernia. [34] X Research source
Most regimens includes a 500mg dose of Ceftriaxone (likely delivered as a shot) plus 1-2 Levofloxacin or Doxycycline pills per day for 10+ days. [37] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source If an STI is the root cause, your partner(s) will be prescribed antibiotics as well. The infection will be cured by the end of your antibiotic prescription (typically 10-14 days), but some discomfort may take several weeks to go away. [38] X Research source
In general, adults and teens can take 400mg of Ibuprofen every 4 hours or as needed. [40] X Trustworthy Source Mayo Clinic Educational website from one of the world’s leading hospitals Go to source
When you’re not laying down, wear supportive underwear that keeps your scrotum relatively still and cradled. [42] X Research source
Don’t apply cold compresses or ice packs directly to the skin, especially in a highly sensitive place like the scrotum or groin.
Take a sitz bath as often as you need. Your doctor may recommend adding salt or medicine to the water if baths are part of your long-term treatment plan.
Some symptoms, like scrotal swelling, may linger after you finish your antibiotics. Check with a doctor to confirm if you need additional treatment. In very rare and severe cases, surgery may be required to remove abscesses or malformed portions of the epididymis. [47] X Research source
